12月8日：研究院アワー by Dr. Mary O’Connor and Dr. Jarrett Byrnes

研究院アワー(EES seminar)を下記のとおり開催いたします。
皆様のご参加をお待ちしております。

2014年12月8日（月） (Dec 8, 2014) 17:00-18:00
Place： 環境科学院D201
Chair: 仲岡　雅裕 (Masahiro Nakaoka)（北方生物圏ＦＳＣ厚岸臨海実験所）

Speaker： Mary O’Connor　（University of British Columbia）
Title: Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in a Warming Ocean

Speaker: Jarrett Byrnes（University of Massachusets）
Title: Kelp Forests in the Era of Climate Change

問い合わせ先
野田隆史
noda@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
地球環境科学研究院　環境生物科学部門
（内線2241）

*** Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in a Warming Ocean ***
Marine biodiversity is dynamic; species’ abundance and distribution are shifting
with climate, human-facilitated transport, disturbance, and natural causes.
Despite concern globally for biodiversity loss, recent analyses have
suggested that locally species richness is relatively stable despite changes
in species composition. The future in marine ecosystems will reflect both
changes in species biodiversity, as well as how the constraints on
biodiversity and its functional consequences change with changing climate.
Here, I consider the implications of current trends in marine biodiversity
for marine ecosystems given projections of ocean warming using climate
velocity metrics. Trends in biodiversity will occur within the context of
marine ecosystem function, which reflects the fundamental constraints of
temperature on the biomass and energy flow of food webs. Experimental work
in aquatic food webs suggests that functional responses to climate change
will reflect constraints independent of shifts in biodiversity. A major
challenge is to identify ecosystem change that constrains biodiversity
change, and the feedbacks then between biodiversity and ecosystem function.

*** Kelp Forests in the Era of Climate Change ***
Kelps have the potential to dominate roughly one quarter of the world’s coastlines. These temperate-water large brown algae provide a wide variety of key ecosystem
services. They provide habitat and food for many fish and invertebrate
species. They are harvested themselves for food and chemicals.
Their structure can alter coastal hydrodynamics. Changes in kelp populations
can have large effects cascading through an ecosystem. We know that kelps
have the potential to be susceptible to climate change driven shifts in the
ocean environment. Here I discuss recent models and meta-analyses examining
our current knowledge about the future of kelp forest ecosystems. I show
that models of kelp forest interaction webs incorporating climate drivers
suggest kelp declines in many systems around the globe. I present evidence
from a meta-analysis of extant time-series demonstrating that some regions
are already experiencing kelp declines, but that this pattern is not
uniform. Using meta-analysis of kelp removal experiments, I show that kelp
losses have potentially very different effects on fish at different trophic
levels. I close with possibilities for future research, both from the
scientific community and citizen scientists, to help us better understand
how kelp forests across the globe might shift in the era of climate change.